K8S 证书过期解决办法
问题现象
K8S集群证书过期后，会导无法创建Pod，通过kubectl get nodes也无法获取信息，甚至dashboard也无法访问。
执行命令发现报错：
Unable to connect to the server: x509: certificate has expired or is not yet valid
查看K8S的日志:
Part of the existing bootstrap client certificate is expired: 2021-06-10 06:29:04 +0000 UT
这是说明k8s使用的证书过期了，k8s自带证书是一年的有效期。所以我们解决问题的办法就是更换证书。
一、确认K8S证书过期时间
查看k8s某一证书过期时间：
openssl x509 -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.crt -noout -text | grep Not显示如下，通过下面可看到证书有效期是1年，从2021到2023年：
# openssl x509 -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.crt -noout -text |grep ' Not '
Not Before: Apr 27 10:30:15 2021 GMT
Not After : Mar 25 07:53:53 2023 GMT如果遇到 openssl: error while loading shared libraries: libssl.so.1.1: cannot open shared object file
查找一下 libssl.so.1.1 的位置，然后连接到/usr/lib64/libssl.so.1.1即可。如下我的位置是在/usr/local/lib64/libssl.so.1.1，连接到 /usr/lib64/libssl.so.1.1 就可以了。
[root@localhost ~]# find / -name libssl.so.1.1
/usr/local/lib64/libssl.so.1.1
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/lib64/libssl.so.1.1 /usr/lib64/libssl.so.1.1
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/lib64/libcrypto.so.1.1 /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.1.1
[root@localhost ~]# openssl version
OpenSSL 1.1.1 11 Sep 2018其它证书同理，K8s各个证书过期时间如下：
/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.crt #1年有效期
/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt #10年有效期
/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt #10年有效期
/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-etcd-client.crt #1年有效期
/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.crt #1年有效期
/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt #1年有效期
/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt #10年有效期
/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/peer.crt #1年有效期
/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/healthcheck-client.crt #1年有效期
/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-kubelet-client.crt #1年有效期或使用统一命令查看
kubeadm alpha certs check-expiration二、使用延长证书过期的方法解决K8S证书过期问题
K8S在过期之前，使用kubeadm alpha phase里的certs和kubeconfig命令，同时配合kubelet证书自动轮换机制来解决这个问题（具体操作可以百度搜索），这里介绍证书已经过期的解决方法，以下延长证书过期的方法适合kubernetes1.14、1.15、1.16、1.17、1.18版本。操作步骤如下:
2.1 下载update-kubeadm-cert.sh
百度网盘下载：
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1WyVAwyL3mOGVFgpQ2tomCw
提取码：f6sa
2.2 把update-kubeadm-cert.sh文件上传到k8s各节点任意位置
2.3 在每个节点都执行如下命令
1）给update-kubeadm-cert.sh证书授权可执行权限
chmod +x update-kubeadm-cert.sh2）执行下面命令，修改证书过期时间，把时间延长到10年
./update-kubeadm-cert.sh all3）在master节点查询Pod是否正常,能查询出数据说明证书签发完成
注：执行命令时需要断开连接重新连接命令才生效
kubectl get pods -n kube-system显示如下，能够看到pod信息，说明证书签发正常：
4）重启kubelet
systemctl restart kubelet三、验证证书有效时间是否延长到10年
openssl x509 -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.crt -noout -text | grep Not显示如下，通过下面可看到apiserver证书有效期是10年，从2021到2031年：
其它证书同理进行验证，或使用统一查看命令
kubeadm alpha certs check-expiration
附录：更新脚本
update-kubeadm-cert.sh
#!/bin/bash
#脚本转载自https://github.com/yuyicai/update-kube-cert
set -o errexit
set -o pipefail
# set -o xtrace
log::err() {
printf "[$(date +'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%N%z')]: \033[31mERROR: \033[0m$@\n"
}
log::info() {
printf "[$(date +'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%N%z')]: \033[32mINFO: \033[0m$@\n"
}
log::warning() {
printf "[$(date +'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%N%z')]: \033[33mWARNING: \033[0m$@\n"
}
check_file() {
if [[ ! -r ${1} ]]; then
log::err "can not find ${1}"
exit 1
fi
}
# get x509v3 subject alternative name from the old certificate
cert::get_subject_alt_name() {
local cert=${1}.crt
check_file "${cert}"
local alt_name=$(openssl x509 -text -noout -in ${cert} | grep -A1 'Alternative' | tail -n1 | sed 's/[[:space:]]*Address//g')
printf "${alt_name}\n"
}
# get subject from the old certificate
cert::get_subj() {
local cert=${1}.crt
check_file "${cert}"
local subj=$(openssl x509 -text -noout -in ${cert} | grep "Subject:" | sed 's/Subject:/\//g;s/\,/\//;s/[[:space:]]//g')
printf "${subj}\n"
}
cert::backup_file() {
local file=${1}
if [[ ! -e ${file}.old-$(date +%Y%m%d) ]]; then
cp -rp ${file} ${file}.old-$(date +%Y%m%d)
log::info "backup ${file} to ${file}.old-$(date +%Y%m%d)"
else
log::warning "does not backup, ${file}.old-$(date +%Y%m%d) already exists"
fi
}
# generate certificate whit client, server or peer
# Args:
# $1 (the name of certificate)
# $2 (the type of certificate, must be one of client, server, peer)
# $3 (the subject of certificates)
# $4 (the validity of certificates) (days)
# $5 (the x509v3 subject alternative name of certificate when the type of certificate is server or peer)
cert::gen_cert() {
local cert_name=${1}
local cert_type=${2}
local subj=${3}
local cert_days=${4}
local alt_name=${5}
local cert=${cert_name}.crt
local key=${cert_name}.key
local csr=${cert_name}.csr
local csr_conf="distinguished_name = dn\n[dn]\n[v3_ext]\nkeyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment\n"
check_file "${key}"
check_file "${cert}"
# backup certificate when certificate not in ${kubeconf_arr[@]}
# kubeconf_arr=("controller-manager.crt" "scheduler.crt" "admin.crt" "kubelet.crt")
# if [[ ! "${kubeconf_arr[@]}" =~ "${cert##*/}" ]]; then
# cert::backup_file "${cert}"
# fi
case "${cert_type}" in
client)
openssl req -new -key ${key} -subj "${subj}" -reqexts v3_ext \
-config <(printf "${csr_conf} extendedKeyUsage = clientAuth\n") -out ${csr}
openssl x509 -in ${csr} -req -CA ${CA_CERT} -CAkey ${CA_KEY} -CAcreateserial -extensions v3_ext \
-extfile <(printf "${csr_conf} extendedKeyUsage = clientAuth\n") -days ${cert_days} -out ${cert}
log::info "generated ${cert}"
;;
server)
openssl req -new -key ${key} -subj "${subj}" -reqexts v3_ext \
-config <(printf "${csr_conf} extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth\nsubjectAltName = ${alt_name}\n") -out ${csr}
openssl x509 -in ${csr} -req -CA ${CA_CERT} -CAkey ${CA_KEY} -CAcreateserial -extensions v3_ext \
-extfile <(printf "${csr_conf} extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth\nsubjectAltName = ${alt_name}\n") -days ${cert_days} -out ${cert}
log::info "generated ${cert}"
;;
peer)
openssl req -new -key ${key} -subj "${subj}" -reqexts v3_ext \
-config <(printf "${csr_conf} extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth, clientAuth\nsubjectAltName = ${alt_name}\n") -out ${csr}
openssl x509 -in ${csr} -req -CA ${CA_CERT} -CAkey ${CA_KEY} -CAcreateserial -extensions v3_ext \
-extfile <(printf "${csr_conf} extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth, clientAuth\nsubjectAltName = ${alt_name}\n") -days ${cert_days} -out ${cert}
log::info "generated ${cert}"
;;
*)
log::err "unknow, unsupported etcd certs type: ${cert_type}, supported type: client, server, peer"
exit 1
esac
rm -f ${csr}
}
cert::update_kubeconf() {
local cert_name=${1}
local kubeconf_file=${cert_name}.conf
local cert=${cert_name}.crt
local key=${cert_name}.key
# generate certificate
check_file ${kubeconf_file}
# get the key from the old kubeconf
grep "client-key-data" ${kubeconf_file} | awk {'print$2'} | base64 -d > ${key}
# get the old certificate from the old kubeconf
grep "client-certificate-data" ${kubeconf_file} | awk {'print$2'} | base64 -d > ${cert}
# get subject from the old certificate
local subj=$(cert::get_subj ${cert_name})
cert::gen_cert "${cert_name}" "client" "${subj}" "${CAER_DAYS}"
# get certificate base64 code
local cert_base64=$(base64 -w 0 ${cert})
# backup kubeconf
# cert::backup_file "${kubeconf_file}"
# set certificate base64 code to kubeconf
sed -i 's/client-certificate-data:.*/client-certificate-data: '${cert_base64}'/g' ${kubeconf_file}
log::info "generated new ${kubeconf_file}"
rm -f ${cert}
rm -f ${key}
# set config for kubectl
if [[ ${cert_name##*/} == "admin" ]]; then
mkdir -p ~/.kube
cp -fp ${kubeconf_file} ~/.kube/config
log::info "copy the admin.conf to ~/.kube/config for kubectl"
fi
}
cert::update_etcd_cert() {
PKI_PATH=${KUBE_PATH}/pki/etcd
CA_CERT=${PKI_PATH}/ca.crt
CA_KEY=${PKI_PATH}/ca.key
check_file "${CA_CERT}"
check_file "${CA_KEY}"
# generate etcd server certificate
# /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server
CART_NAME=${PKI_PATH}/server
subject_alt_name=$(cert::get_subject_alt_name ${CART_NAME})
cert::gen_cert "${CART_NAME}" "peer" "/CN=etcd-server" "${CAER_DAYS}" "${subject_alt_name}"
# generate etcd peer certificate
# /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/peer
CART_NAME=${PKI_PATH}/peer
subject_alt_name=$(cert::get_subject_alt_name ${CART_NAME})
cert::gen_cert "${CART_NAME}" "peer" "/CN=etcd-peer" "${CAER_DAYS}" "${subject_alt_name}"
# generate etcd healthcheck-client certificate
# /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/healthcheck-client
CART_NAME=${PKI_PATH}/healthcheck-client
cert::gen_cert "${CART_NAME}" "client" "/O=system:masters/CN=kube-etcd-healthcheck-client" "${CAER_DAYS}"
# generate apiserver-etcd-client certificate
# /etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-etcd-client
check_file "${CA_CERT}"
check_file "${CA_KEY}"
PKI_PATH=${KUBE_PATH}/pki
CART_NAME=${PKI_PATH}/apiserver-etcd-client
cert::gen_cert "${CART_NAME}" "client" "/O=system:masters/CN=kube-apiserver-etcd-client" "${CAER_DAYS}"
# restart etcd
docker ps | awk '/k8s_etcd/{print$1}' | xargs -r -I '{}' docker restart {} || true
log::info "restarted etcd"
}
cert::update_master_cert() {
PKI_PATH=${KUBE_PATH}/pki
CA_CERT=${PKI_PATH}/ca.crt
CA_KEY=${PKI_PATH}/ca.key
check_file "${CA_CERT}"
check_file "${CA_KEY}"
# generate apiserver server certificate
# /etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver
CART_NAME=${PKI_PATH}/apiserver
subject_alt_name=$(cert::get_subject_alt_name ${CART_NAME})
cert::gen_cert "${CART_NAME}" "server" "/CN=kube-apiserver" "${CAER_DAYS}" "${subject_alt_name}"
# generate apiserver-kubelet-client certificate
# /etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-kubelet-client
CART_NAME=${PKI_PATH}/apiserver-kubelet-client
cert::gen_cert "${CART_NAME}" "client" "/O=system:masters/CN=kube-apiserver-kubelet-client" "${CAER_DAYS}"
# generate kubeconf for controller-manager,scheduler,kubectl and kubelet
# /etc/kubernetes/controller-manager,scheduler,admin,kubelet.conf
cert::update_kubeconf "${KUBE_PATH}/controller-manager"
cert::update_kubeconf "${KUBE_PATH}/scheduler"
cert::update_kubeconf "${KUBE_PATH}/admin"
# check kubelet.conf
# https://github.com/kubernetes/kubeadm/issues/1753
set +e
grep kubelet-client-current.pem /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf > /dev/null 2>&1
kubelet_cert_auto_update=$?
set -e
if [[ "$kubelet_cert_auto_update" == "0" ]]; then
log::warning "does not need to update kubelet.conf"
else
cert::update_kubeconf "${KUBE_PATH}/kubelet"
fi
# generate front-proxy-client certificate
# use front-proxy-client ca
CA_CERT=${PKI_PATH}/front-proxy-ca.crt
CA_KEY=${PKI_PATH}/front-proxy-ca.key
check_file "${CA_CERT}"
check_file "${CA_KEY}"
CART_NAME=${PKI_PATH}/front-proxy-client
cert::gen_cert "${CART_NAME}" "client" "/CN=front-proxy-client" "${CAER_DAYS}"
# restart apiserve, controller-manager, scheduler and kubelet
docker ps | awk '/k8s_kube-apiserver/{print$1}' | xargs -r -I '{}' docker restart {} || true
log::info "restarted kube-apiserver"
docker ps | awk '/k8s_kube-controller-manager/{print$1}' | xargs -r -I '{}' docker restart {} || true
log::info "restarted kube-controller-manager"
docker ps | awk '/k8s_kube-scheduler/{print$1}' | xargs -r -I '{}' docker restart {} || true
log::info "restarted kube-scheduler"
systemctl restart kubelet
log::info "restarted kubelet"
}
main() {
local node_tpye=$1
KUBE_PATH=/etc/kubernetes
CAER_DAYS=3650
# backup $KUBE_PATH to $KUBE_PATH.old-$(date +%Y%m%d)
cert::backup_file "${KUBE_PATH}"
case ${node_tpye} in
etcd)
# update etcd certificates
cert::update_etcd_cert
;;
master)
# update master certificates and kubeconf
cert::update_master_cert
;;
all)
# update etcd certificates
cert::update_etcd_cert
# update master certificates and kubeconf
cert::update_master_cert
;;
*)
log::err "unknow, unsupported certs type: ${cert_type}, supported type: all, etcd, master"
printf "Documentation: https://github.com/yuyicai/update-kube-cert
example:
'\033[32m./update-kubeadm-cert.sh all\033[0m' update all etcd certificates, master certificates and kubeconf
/etc/kubernetes
├── admin.conf
├── controller-manager.conf
├── scheduler.conf
├── kubelet.conf
└── pki
├── apiserver.crt
├── apiserver-etcd-client.crt
├── apiserver-kubelet-client.crt
├── front-proxy-client.crt
└── etcd
├── healthcheck-client.crt
├── peer.crt
└── server.crt
'\033[32m./update-kubeadm-cert.sh etcd\033[0m' update only etcd certificates
/etc/kubernetes
└── pki
├── apiserver-etcd-client.crt
└── etcd
├── healthcheck-client.crt
├── peer.crt
└── server.crt
'\033[32m./update-kubeadm-cert.sh master\033[0m' update only master certificates and kubeconf
/etc/kubernetes
├── admin.conf
├── controller-manager.conf
├── scheduler.conf
├── kubelet.conf
└── pki
├── apiserver.crt
├── apiserver-kubelet-client.crt
└── front-proxy-client.crt
"
exit 1
esac
}
main "$@"
相关文章：
K8S 证书过期解决办法
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